SEO On-Page: URL Structure
Guides URL structure optimization for SEO: readability, hierarchy, and best practices.
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Scope (On-Page SEO)
- URL hierarchy: Path structure, categories, depth
- URL format: Static vs dynamic; omit file extensions
- URL slug: See url-slug-generator for slug creation (3–5 words, under 60 chars)
- Duplicate variants: See canonical-tag for HTTPS, www, trailing slash
Initial Assessment
Check for project context first: If .claude/project-context.md or .cursor/project-context.md exists, read it for site structure.
Identify:
1. Site structure: Categories, subcategories, content types
2. Current URLs: Existing patterns and issues
3. Multi-language: URL structure for zh/en (e.g., /zh/, /en/ or subdomains)
Best Practices
URL Guidelines
| Principle | Guideline |
|---|---|
| Readable | Use words, not IDs; /blog/seo-guide not /p/12345 |
| Short | Shorter is generally better; avoid unnecessary depth |
| Keyword | Include target keyword when natural |
| Lowercase | Use lowercase; avoid mixed case |
| Hyphens | Use hyphens to separate words: seo-guide |
| Avoid | Special chars, query params for core content, session IDs |
Hierarchy
| Pattern | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Flat | /page-name |
Simple sites |
| Category | /blog/post-name, /tools/tool-name |
Content sites |
| Nested | /category/subcategory/page |
Deep hierarchies (keep shallow) |
Multi-language
| Pattern | Example |
|---|---|
| Path prefix | /zh/page, /en/page |
| Subdomain | zh.example.com, en.example.com |
| ccTLD | example.cn, example.com |
Static vs Dynamic vs Pseudo-Static URLs
| Type | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Static | /blog/seo-guide |
Direct file; best SEO; content stable |
| Dynamic | /product?id=123 |
Program-generated; avoid for indexable content |
| Pseudo-static | /blog/seo-guide (rewritten from .php) |
Combines both; common in CMS |
| Rule | Prefer static or pseudo-static; if dynamic, keep params ≤2; use canonical-tag and robots-txt (Clean-param) |
File Extensions
- Omit
.html,.php,.aspx— keeps URLs technology-agnostic, shorter, easier to refactor - Example:
/seo-guidenot/seo-guide.html
URL Parameter Handling
| Scenario | Approach |
|---|---|
| UTM / tracking | Canonical to base URL; params in query string only |
| Search results | Canonical to search page; avoid indexing result URLs |
| Filters / sort | Canonical to base; or robots-txt Clean-param |
| Session IDs | Use cookies; never in indexable URLs |
Use Cases
| Scenario | Focus |
|---|---|
| New site | Plan hierarchy upfront; avoid later restructuring |
| Migration | 301 mapping; canonical; see canonical-tag |
| Large site | Dynamic URLs, params, multi-language — canonical + robots |
| SEO audit | Check structure, params, canonical consistency |
Common Issues
| Issue | Fix |
|---|---|
| Long URLs | Shorten; remove redundant words |
| Dynamic params | Use canonical; clean params in robots (Yandex Clean-param) |
| Mixed case | Redirect to lowercase |
| Changed URLs | 301 redirect old to new |
Output Format
- URL structure recommendation
- Slug conventions
- Hierarchy for key content types
- Redirect plan if changing URLs
- References: Alignify URL optimization; Google URL guidelines
Related Skills
-
website-structure: Plan structure and URL paths; apply url-structure rules after structure is defined
-
canonical-tag: HTTPS, www, trailing slash — handles duplicate URL variants
- url-slug-generator: Slug creation for content pages; length, keywords, format
- category-page-generator: E-commerce category URL hierarchy, faceted URLs
- products-page-generator: Product URL hierarchy
- services-page-generator: Service URL hierarchy
- robots-txt: Clean-param for query params
- internal-links: URL structure affects link patterns
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